Answer:
The energy flow in the ecosystem decreases as it flows from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Only 10% of the energy will transfer to the next trophic level and the remaining energy is lost in the other metabolic process.
The energy flow in the case of the grassland can be shown by the trophic relationship of the organisms. The sun is the primary source of the energy that are absorbed by the plants through the photosynthesis process. The cattle acts as herbivores will consume the plants energy by directly feeding on them. The ranch should be protected from the other animals that feeds on cattle and they are known as carnivorves.
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
to transmit an output in response to the total afferent input
Explanation:
An effector refers to parts of the body generates response. An effector responds to transmit an output in response to the total afferent input Stimulus in the body are detected by the receptor which send signals to the central nervous system via sensory neuron where interpretation and a response is coordinated by the brain. The response is sent to the effector through the motor neuron.
Answer:
Both extract from the soil while difference in their extraction method.
Explanation:
Harvesting food crops similar to mining because both are gained from the soil whereas it is also different from mining due to their method of extraction. Seeds are grown again and again in the soil and other agronomic activities has to be done to gain good yield of the crops while on the other hand, in mining precious metals is to be extracted that is already present in the soil.
Answer:
. A. Look at the microscopic structure of a tumor. = Anatomy
B.Measuring respiratory rate during sleep.= Physiology
C. Measuring blood pressure during exercise. = Physiology
D. Observe a lesion to see if the border is irregular. = Anatomy
Explanation:
