Answer: Water molecules forming hydrogen bonds with one another. The partial negative charge on the O of one molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the partial positive charge on the hydrogens of other molecules. Water molecules are also attracted to other polar molecules and to ions.
Explanation:
There are two types of polymers, which are natural and synthetic. Although natural polymers do not affect the environment, synthetic polymers do.Synthetic polymers are anything that is manufactured or influenced by humans. Due to this, these types of polymers release reactants which are hazardous; both to humans and the environment.Synthetic polymers, which include plastics, rubber, How do polymers effect the environment?adhesives, and Styrofoam cannot be degraded into the environment, causing a buildup of these chemicals all at once, causing a release of any "excess" chemicals into the environment.From there on, polymers create garbage loads, and chemical reactants that effect the environment, and spread around. Therefore effecting anything grown or eaten around it. This could call chemical poisoning to the greenery, animals, and living organisms around it. Not all polymers are bad. In fact humans are made up of polymers. But polymers from sources such as crude oil synthesized into plastics release toxins as they break down. When you burn plastics synthesized from crude oil feedstock, carbon dioxide and dioxins can be released into the air if smoke is not properly <span>What are the bad effects of polymers on your environment?filtered as they are in high quality waste-to-energy incinerators. Also plastics </span>are non biodegradable and so landfills are used to bury the plastic this takes up space and also costs money because there is not enough room for all the <span>waste. Therefore plastics are banned in some areas.
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Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
When it freezes ..................
