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UNO [17]
3 years ago
11

Suppose two independently assorting genes are involved in the pathway that determines fruit color in squash. These genes interac

t with each other to produce the squash colors seen in the grocery store. At the first locus, the W allele codes for a dominant white phenotype, whereas the w allele codes for a colored squash. At the second locus, the allele Y codes for a dominant yellow phenotype, and the allele y codes for a recessive green phenotype. The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as dominant epistasis. what is the expected phenotype ratio for a cross of a green squash with a purebred yellow squash.
Biology
1 answer:
makvit [3.9K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

100% yellow fruit color, Yyww.

Explanation:

<u>Available data</u>:

  • two independently assorting genes
  • the W allele codes for a dominant white phenotype
  • w allele codes for a colored squash
  • The allele Y codes for a dominant yellow phenotype
  • the allele y codes for a recessive green phenotype
  • The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as dominant epistasis

Epistasis means "interruption" and refers to interactions between genes located in different loci in the same chromosome. An “epistatic gene” can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a "hypostatic gene". When the epistatic gene is dominant, the interaction is known as "dominant epistasis".

W suppresses the expression of Y and y, this means that whenever W is present, the fruit is white. If W <u>is not</u> present, the fruit color can be expressed.

So, the proposed cross in the present problem occurs between a green fruited individual and yellow fruited individual, which suggests that W is absent.

<em>Genotype for Green fruit: yyww</em>

<em>Genotype for purebred Yellow fruit: YYww</em>

Cross:

Parental) YYww    x    yyww

Gametes) Yw  Yw  Yw  Yw  yw  yw  yw  yw

Punnet square)    Yw       Yw       Yw      Yw

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

F1) 100% Yellow fruited plants, Yyww

As these two genes assort independently, we can also represent the cross for each gene by separate, like this:

For w gene:

Parental) ww  x  ww

Gametes) w w w w

Punnet square)  w     w

                 w     ww   ww

                 w      ww  ww

F1) 4/4 or 100% colored-fruits

For Y gene:

Parental) YY  x  yy

Gametes) Y Y y y

Punnet square)  Y     Y

                 y     Yy     Yy

                 y     Yy     Yy

F1) 4/4 or 100% yellow fruits, Yy.

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A female fly that has miniature wings and sepia eyes is crossed with a male that has normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes
Eduardwww [97]

Answer and Explanation:

  • The gene that expresses the size of the wing is X-linked. The dominant allele expresses long wings, XM, while the recessive allele expresses miniature wings, Xm.  
  • The gene that expresses the color of the eyes is autosomal. The dominant allele expresses red color, S, and the recessive allele expresses sepia color, s.

A <em>female fly</em> that has <em>miniature wings and sepia eyes</em> (<em>XmXm ss</em>) is crossed with a <em>male</em> that has <em>normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes (XMY SS). </em>

The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2.

1º Cross:

Parental) XmXm ss    x    XMY SS

Gametes) Xms   Xms     Xms   Xms  

                XMS   XMS    YS    YS

Punnet Square)    Xms           Xms            Xms             Xms

                XMS   XMXmSs    XMXmSs   XMXmSs    XMXmSs

                XMS   XMXmSs    XMXmSs   XMXmSs    XMXmSs

                YS      XmY Ss      XmY Ss       XmY Ss       XmY Ss

                YS      XmY Ss      XmY Ss       XmY Ss       XmY Ss

F1) 1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males

  100% of the females (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are long-winged and  red-eyed

    100% of the males (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are miniature.winged and red-eyed.

2º Cross:

Parental) XMXm Ss      x      XmY Ss

Gametes) XMS   XMs  XmS  Xms

                XmS   Xms  YS    Ys

Punnet Square)       XMS             XMs          XmS             Xms

                  XmS    XMXm SS  XMXm Ss   XmXm SS   XmXm Ss

                  Xms    XMXm Ss   XMXm ss   XmXm Ss    XmXm ss

                   YS      XMY SS     XMY Ss      XmY SS        XmY Ss

                   Ys       XMY Ss     XMY ss       XmY Ss        XmY ss

F2) 8/16=4/8=1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males

<u><em>Females (8/16)</em></u>:    

  • 3/8 of the females are long-winged and red-eyed, XMX- S-
  • 1/8 of the females are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMX- ss
  • 3/8 of the females are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmXm S-
  • 1/8 of the females are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmXm ss

<u><em>Males (8/16)</em></u>:    

  • 3/8 of the males are long-winged and red-eyed, XMY S-
  • 1/8 of the males are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMY ss
  • 3/8 of the males are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmY S-
  • 1/8 of the males are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmY ss  

Note: The symbol "-" means that in its place might be a recessive allele or a dominant allele. For example, <em>S-</em> means that it might be <em>SS</em> or <em>Ss</em>.  

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Answer:

derived trait

Explanation:

An ancestral (or primitive) trait/character is a feature inherited from the common ancestor of the species/group of interest, while derived traits are those that were absent in the last common ancestor of the group of interest. For example, considering mammals as the target group, the presence of hair is a shared derived trait relative to other vertebrates, i.e., amphibians, reptiles and birds. However, this trait (hair) is ancestral for humans since the genetically closest species to humans (e.g., chimpanzees), also have hair, and they have inherited this trait from a common ancestor.

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