Chromosome is a threadlike structure present in nucleus .Chromosomes are composed of chromatin and carry the genes in a linear sequence; these determine the individual characteristics of an organism there are 23 pairs of chromosomes out of those one is different. In female it is XXY qnd in males it is xy
Answer:
Prions, however, are not living organisms. Prions are infectious proteins. For unknown reasons, these proteins refold abnormally and cause a domino effect in surrounding proteins which in turn mutate into stable structures
Explanation:
This is a pic of Prions
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At the beginning you start out with a lot of energy and stamina but as you progress, maybe five minutes in, you start to get out of breath. While breathing harder, you are trying to intake more oxygen and at the 10 minute mark you can feel your muscles burning a little bit and tire out more. At this point you are gasping for oxygen because your muscles are deprived of oxygen and you body makes lactic acids which you muscles can use instead of oxygen. By the end of it you are very tired.
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Hope this helps! I am not sure how scientific of an explanation you wanted.
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Empirical evidence of his ideas
Explanation:
The scientific process involves the formulation of hypotheses that enable to answer questions about the real world, and then to carry out experiments or observations that are used to confirm (or reject) such predictions. In the last 160 years, Darwin's ideas on 'descent with modification' have constantly been subjected to experimental assessment, and obtained data confirmed his observations. For example, molecular evidence based on the DNA and RNA -which constitute the genetic material of all living organisms- has shown the conservation of this process. In consequence, molecular evidence has been used to construct 'evolutionary' phylogenetic trees from DNA/RNA sequences. Moreover, evidence in genetics has shown the critical role played by mutations in the mechanism of natural selection proposed by Darwin, thus also confirming his theories. These are only some examples, and supporting evidence confirming Darwin's ideas has been collected from different research fields ranging from ecology to molecular biology.
The statement 'interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane' explains why protein folding is critical. This process is fundamental for the function of transmembrane proteins.
Protein folding refers to the process by which a polypeptide (i.e., a protein) adopts its final tridimensional 3D shape (conformation).
In a protein, some amino acids contain hydrophilic R groups, whereas other amino acids contain hydrophobic R groups.
During protein folding, hydrophobic amino acids are arranged so they can interact with the long chains of the fatty acids in the internal region of the lipid bilayer, whereas hydrophilic amino acids are arranged so they interact with water on the surface of the cell membrane.
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