I believe it is C: Physical state of the atmosphere at any given time and place
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
If a cell containing 15% salt is placed in a 55% salt solution and osmosis takes place, <u>water molecules would move from the cytosol of the cell to the surrounding salt solution until an equilibrium concentration is established between the two solutions</u>. The cell would lose water to the 55% salt solution and become flaccid because it has a higher water potential than the surrounding solution.
Superantigens cause the stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
- Some pathogens in an unusual way take over the immune system and mislead it by interfering in the adaptive immune system.
- Instead of processing by APC (Antigen Presenting Cells), superantigen is directly bonded to MHC-II (Major histocompatibility complex) and TCR (T cell receptor) for a longer period than normal.
- As a result, about 20% of T cells are stimulated to produce cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) known as Cytokine storm. Thereby, affected individuals experience some adverse symptoms like toxic shock syndrome and rheumatic fever.
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Answer:
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells. ... They can maintain different environments in a single cell that allows them to carry out various metabolic reactions
