Answer:
From smallest to largest, the levels are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. Each of the ranking levels is called a taxon. Just as a genus is a group of similar species, a family is a group of similar genera. An order is a group of similar families.
Fungi join bacteria as the primary decomposers in different ecosystems. They feed on the organic remains of dead plants. They release special enzymes that break down lignin, a structurally complex substance in wood. Decomposing organic matter is considered by ecologists as the major ecological role of fungi.
You would be referring to the <em>plant </em>cell.
Answer:
Chloroplasts may be seen on all six sides of a plant cell, which is a three-dimensional entity with typically moderately rounded corners (not in the centre because a big central vacuole fills a very large part of the volume). Chloroplasts are constantly being rearranged by the cell since they are not set in place. Chloroplasts are typically located close to so-called periclinal cell walls, which are oriented in the same 2D orientation as the leaf surface under low light. Chloroplasts seem to "escape" to the anticlinal walls in bright light. Better light harvesting in low light by exposing every chloroplast to light and photoprotection by mutual shading in strong light are likely the fitness benefits provided by this behavior. In the dark, chloroplasts also gravitate toward the anticlinal walls. Thin leaves of submerged aquatic plants like Elodea can be used as microscope specimens to observe chloroplast motions. One can gauge how much light gets through a leaf in land plants. What I just said concerning the top layer(s) of leaves' "palisade parenchyma cells" is accurate. Most of the chloroplasts are found in these cells. Numerous cells in the spongy parenchyma under the palisade layer lack well marked peri and anticlinal walls.
<h2>
How did plant cells incorporate chloroplasts in their DNA?</h2>
Chloroplasts must reproduce in a manner akin to that of some bacterial species, in which the chloroplast DNA is duplicated first, followed by binary fission of the organelle (a kind of protein band that constricts so that two daughter organelles bud off). As a result of some chloroplast DNA actually being integrated into the plant genome (a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer), it is now controlled in the nucleus of the plant cell itself.
A glucose molecule is too large to pass through a cell membrane via simple diffusion. Instead, cells assist glucose diffusion through facilitated diffusion and two types of active transport.
So the answer is B
