Answer:
Germany
The welfare state is European in origin because its birth is commonly dated to late 19th century Germany. Around 1850, most industrializing capitalist countries already had some version of a modern poor law and had started to introduce labour protection measures (Polanyi [1944] 1957).
Explanation:
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Thomas Paine wrote about common sense because he wanted the common people of the thirteen colonies which were under the British to fight for their independence from the authority of the British people.
Paine, in his pamphlet wrote certain political and moral talks which could encourage these common people. This resulted in the pamphlet having a great impact on the people to fight for the cause for which this was written.
Why Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales?
(Selectable sources for further study on The Canterbury Tales and Geoffrey Chaucer.) About The Canterbury Tales: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories in a frame story, between 1387 and 1400. It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England).