<span>In liver, the most intensively studied transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways are the Janus kinase signal transduction pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal transduction pathway, the transforming growth factor β signal transduction pathway, the tumor necrosis factor α signal transduction pathway and the recently discovered sphingolipid signal transduction pathway. All of them are activated by many different cytokines and growth factors. They regulate specific cell mechanisms such as hepatocytes proliferation, growth, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The replication cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is intracellular and requires signal </span>
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the sunlight as a form of energy by converting carbon dioxide to make organic compounds that are necessary for growth.
In the first two stages of photosynthesis, the enzymes of the light-dependent reactions are activated by light and oxidation occurs, yielding oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions are used in the electron transport chain and are passed through the thylakoid. The electron transport chain results in the catalyzed reaction of adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, to adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which is a source of chemical energy.
Later on in the Calvin cycle, the enzymes are important for the production of a three-carbon sugar, then a six-carbon sugar. There are three phases of the cycle that are powered by ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADPH. Being that the Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway, the carbon compounds produced in the cycle are an important energy source that are used to make organic compounds used by the autotroph.
A. FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES, SUBSPECIES.
The complete and correct hierarchy of taxonomic groups from largest to smallest are:
1) Domain
1.1) Archaea 1.2) Bactera 1.3) Eukarya
2) Kingdom
2.1) Animalia 2.2) Plantae 2.3) Fungi 2.4) Protista 2.5) Archaea 2.6) Bacteria
3) Phylum - has 35 phyla
4) Class
5) Order
6) Family
7) Genus
8) Species
<h3><u>Question</u><u>:</u><u>-</u></h3>
After nitrogen becomes part of the lithosphere, the next change the nitrogen will under go is it will be:-
A. used as a nutrient by plants
B. fix by bacteria in the soil
C. absorbed into the atmosphere by lightning
<h3><u>Answer</u><u>:</u><u>-</u></h3>
B. fix by bacteria in the soil
<h3><u>Explanation</u><u>:</u><u>-</u></h3>
- These bacteria are known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- These nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil to ammonia. Ammonia can be taken up by plants.
Answer:
The answer is cell wall
Explanation:
Please let me know if I'm wrong. Hope this helps, have a wonderful day!
