The correct option is A
The bureaucracy is necessarily hierarchical, first because of the iron law of the oligarchy and secondly because the bureaucracy grows adding more subordinate layers. As in the absence of a market there is no genuine proof of "merit" in government service to consumers, in a bureaucracy limited by rules, the hierarchy is often used as representative of merit. Increasing the hierarchy leads therefore to the promotion to the highest levels, while the expanded budgets take the form of multiplication of levels of ranks under you and expand your income and power. The bureaucratic growth takes place, therefore, multiplying the levels of the bureaucracy.
Answer:
The vetogates model focuses on the many points in the legislative pro- cess where proposed legislation can be stopped (vetoed). ... The term ''veto gates'' originates with McNollgast (1992), and the vetogates concept has been deployed in other works of positive political theory.
I can't help you with your second question but heres a site that I've found to help you with your 1st one. I hope this helps^-^
https://nationalinterest.org/feature/5-big-lessons-the-first-gulf-war-13536
Answer:
True
Explanation:
English-speaking British colonies in North America – the conflict is known as the French and Indian War. In English-speaking Canada – the balance of Britain's former North American colonies – it is called the Seven Years' War
