What term is used to describe bacterial cells that can naturally take up dna from their environment?

Biology

1 answer:

Maru [420]3 years ago

3 0

<h2>The correct answer is: Competent cells</h2>

Explanation:

Bacterial cells have the capability of incorporating foreign naked DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid fragments from the environment or the exterior of the cell to the interior of the cell. This process is known as Transformation.
The bacterial cells which are able to undergo transformation are called Competent bacterial cells.
Some of the bacterial cells are naturally competent like<em> Bacillus subtilis, Streptocossus pneumoniae</em> while others like <em>Escherishia coli </em>need to be chemically treated to make them artificially competent.
In natural competence, the foreign DNA from the cell exterior is incorporated into the cell interior through specific protein complexes present in the plasma membrane of the bacterial cells.
In artificial competence, the negative charge on foreign DNA is masked by positively charged calcium ions (so that it is not repelled by the negative charge of the lipid bilayer of the bacterial cell plasma membrane) and then small pores are created in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the bacterial cells by giving a heat shock to the cells. This results in the uptake of the DNA by the bacterial cells.

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Juliette [100K]

The complete question is :

Charlie is investigating friction. She will use the same amount of force to push two wooden balls across two level surfaces. Then she will record her results in the table below.

Which prediction will most likely describe how friction will affect her findings?

Answer:

The distance for Trial 3 will be greater than the distance for Trial 4 because the difference in surface roughness will affect friction.

Explanation:

The frictional force depends greatly on the roughness of the body surfaces. It acts opposite to the direction of motion when two body surfaces have a relative motion between them.

In the context, equal mount of force is applied to push the wooden balls. So the net force which acts on the balls are :

F' = F - f

Here, F = the force applied

f = force of friction

And f = μ.N (N = reaction force)

Here μ is the coefficient of friction that depends on the surface roughness. The frictional force will be less when the surfaces are smooth. Thus for the trails 3 and trial 4, the distance for trail 3 would be greater than trail 4 as the surface is polished and would offer less friction.