Answer:
Testcrosses clarify linkage because each phenotypic class of progeny corresponds to each gamete type produced by the dihybrid parent.
Explanation:
- A test cross involves the crossing of an individual with another phenotypically recessive individual so as to determine the zygosity of the former by analyses of the proportions of offspring phenotypes.
- In order to determine linkage, the test cross shows that if the parentals are more than the recombinants, we can say that the two genes such as b and c are genetically linked and therefore, they must be on the same chromosome.
- Also, the test-crosses help to find out which alleles came from which parent.
- By setting up testcrosses in which one parent is homozygous for the recessive alleles of both genes,we can analyze the gene combinations received in the gametes from the other, doubly heterozygous parent.
They are most related to damselflies.
Answer: Information stored in DNA must be translated into functional products.
Explanation: DNA is a short form of deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a type of nucleic acid. There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule that contains the complete information for the synthesis of a functional gene product. The functional gene product is usually a protein.
DNA is first copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process known as transcription. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process occurs in the nucleus.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus to the ribosome where it is used to produce a protein. This process is called translation and occurs in the ribosome. The protein is the functional product that expresses its function in the organism.
the cell spends less time in A during cell division
Answer:
b. genes have no difficulty crossing the species barrier.
Explanation:
DNA is a universal molecule, by now it is known that has the same structure in pigs, birds, an other living things.
When a gene is transfer to other species, the most difficult action is that the living thing that is the receptor, can adopt this new sequence of DNA and reproduce it again as part of the new DNA.
In some examples like in pigs and humans, we are so closely that you can use some DNA pigs or tissues to replace in humans when is neccesary in a surgery.
