The holy roman emperor (Henry IV) wanted to make the church independent from secular rulers so he banned the practice of Lay Investiture. The pope (Gregory VII) excommunicated him and went to find a new emperor when Henry IV confessed to him he was a sinner and Gregory forgave him. But Henry was so butt hurt about it that he sent to roman military to kill the pope.
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Federalism in the idea of the power being shared between the national and state level. checks and balances to keep the government from becoming tyrannical.
The ones who wanted war were known as the "Hawks." ... The hawks believed that due to the agression of North Vietnamese it forced us into the war. They thought that the United States should do what ever is necessary to win. Doves think that the problem in Vietnam is a civil war.