<span>In china, to which social class did merchants, government officials, landlords, and confucian scholars belong?<span>
</span>Answer: In china the social class from where the merchants, government officials, landlords and confucian scholars belong to was Gentry. This term was used for those people who belong to the upper class and who may be from nobility in position and birth.
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As the Portuguese were establishing trading posts along the west coast of Africa, Spain watched with increasing envy. The Spanish monarchs also desired a direct sea route to Asia. In 1492, an Italian sea captain, Christopher Columbus, convinced Spain to finance a bold plan: finding a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. In October of that year, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean. He was mistaken in his thought that he had reached the East Indies. But his voyage would open the way for European colonization of the Americas-a process that would forever change the world. The immediate impact of Columbus's voyage, however, was to increase tensions between Spain and Portugal. The Portuguese believed that Columbus had indeed reached Asia. Portugal suspected that Columbus had claimed for Spain lands that Portuguese sailors might have reached first. The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense. In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep peace between the two nations. He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south, through the Atlantic Ocean. All lands to the west of the line, known as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spain's. These lands included most of the Americas. All lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. Portugal complained that the line gave too much to Spain. So it was moved farther west to include parts of modern-day Brazil for the Portuguese. In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, in which they agreed to honor the line. The era of exploration and colonization was about to begin in earnest.
Some of the diseases were new and treatments were ineffective. Malaria was deadly to many new colonists, especially in the Southern colonies. Of newly arrived men, over one-fourth of the Anglican missionaries died within five years of their arrival in the Carolinas. Mortality was high for infants and small children, especially for diphtheria, small pox, yellow fever, and malaria.
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Environmental instability may have been a factor not only in shaping adaptations but also in contributing to the extinction of some lineages. Environmental variability associated with the extinction of large mammal species has been proposed for the southern Kenya region.
<span>The principal objective was to set up a new authority which will prevent such take overs and rules such as that of Napoleon Bonaparte inside Europe. The congress was to overtune all the places where Napoleon had a strong hold and also this would also stop any possible outbreak of war .</span>
