The Griffith's experiment, the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, and the Hershey–Chase experiments were the set of experiments that established DNA as the key hereditary molecule. The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment was an extension to the Griffith's experiment. The heat killed virulent S strain cells of the Griffith's experiment were lysed to form a supernatant containing a mix of RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids from the cell. The supernatent was equally divided into 3 parts after the removal of the lipids. The 3 parts were respectively treated with an RNAase to degrade the RNA, DNAase to degrade the DNA and proteinase to degrade the proteins. The treated supernatant was then added into the culture containing the non-virulent R cells. In case of the supernatant treated with the DNAse, no transformation of R cells into S cells occurred. The transformation of R cells to S cells occurred in the proteinase and the RNAse cases. This indicated that DNA was the hereditary molecule and not protein or RNA.
Answer:
Carcinogenic
Explanation:
A carcinogenic substance is able to modify or damage the genome in a way which promotes the formation of cancerous cells. Cell cycle checkpoint proteins are very crucial for the progression of normal cell cycle. They check for any anomaly in their designated step and halt the process if it is detected. Repair mechanism is activated and cell cycle does not progress till the damage has been repaired.
Here, the pollutant alters the structure of these proteins such that they lose their function. They are not be able to stop cell cycle from progressing even if there is some damage in the genome. The cell divides and gives rise to more damaged cells. Eventually these cells lose their normal function and just keep dividing due to which their division rate becomes double of the normal rate. It can ultimately give rise to cancer which is why the chemical is carcinogenic.
Answer:
B. It was passed to the individual by a gamete from the father.
Explanation:
<u>DNA is transferred</u> to the next generation <u>via gametes</u>, which are produced during <u>meiosis</u>. During meiosis, <u>half of the genetic material</u> is <u>transferred</u> from parent cell to their gametes. Therefore, among the given options, only <u>B is correct</u>.
Option A is not correct because it talks about <u>somatic cells;</u> whereas, in somatic cells, <u>genetic material is not transferred half</u> rather duplicate first and then a complete duplicated set of genetic material is transferred.
Option C is also not correct because only <u>one gamete (sperm)</u> fertilizes the egg. Hence, not half of his cells descend from father gamete. Similarly, option D is also incorrect because it is not possible to descend half of the nuclei from the father to the offspring.
To try and help although thee aren't any answers i would say... if they were to literally conduct a field study such as this, much pollution would occur, Millions of fish would die as of plants also. And would over-all Lake Michigan would never be the same again.
Answer:
Option B, After cleavage of the nucleoplasmin protein, only the tail segments appeared in the nucleus
Explanation:
Cleaving of nuclear localization signals occurs before the transportation into the nucleus. Before that it is responsible for sending nuclear protein continuously after every cell division leaving very little protein in the cytoplasm. Once the cleaving occurs, the nuclear localization signals, no more protein can be transmitted thereby leaving very little protein tail segments in the nucleus. Also the signal sequences on the proteins are removed once they are trans located.
Hence, option B is correct
