Answer:
In species with polyploid, there are more chromosomal sets than in diploid one. Becouse there are more chromosomal structures available, events like mutation, recombination, DNA lose, are more probable to occur.
As the generations pass, the accumulation of these changes tend polyploid to speciation.
Answer: Anconeus muscle
Explanation:
The anconeus is a small muscle found at the elbow. It is Attached to the humerus and ulna (it originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the olecranon process and superior portion of the ulna). Anconeus muscle allows the forearm to extend and it also provides support for the dorsal joint capsule and the ulna as well.
The radial nerve permits the anconeus muscle to carry all of those functions.
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
Answer:
substitution - a base was changed
Explanation:
The nucleotide sequence CTT was changed to the sequence CAT. The T was substituted with an A. This changed the encoded amino acid from Glu to Val.
An insertion is where an additional base is added (e.g. if the sequence changed from CTT to CATT)
A deletion is when a base is lost (e.g. if the sequence changed from CTT to CT)
They do that so when a shark eats something and crumbs come out of its mouth it eats the crumbs
