Answer:
1. Number of DNA molecules after 30 Cycles of PCR = 1.02 x 10^9
2. No. of mutant DNA molecules = 1.07 x 10^9
Explanation:
1. You just have to take the exponential of 2 to the power of the number of PCR cycles (2^n)
2. All copies were normal at cycle 10 that are about 1024 copies. At cycle 11 single point error, all further copies are mutated.
Answer: Viruses, although not living things, do show some characteristics that they are living. Because they can't reproduce by themselves (without a host), viruses are not considered living. They are made of proteins and glycoproteins like cells are. They contain genetic information needed to produce more viruses in the form of DNA or RNA.
They are acellular, that is, they contain no cytoplasm or cellular organelles. They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell's metabolic machinery.
Answer:
If the immune system has a destructive and autoimmune response, it produces specific antibodies, which bind to the receptors of the thyroid cells and destroy them thinking that they are antigens or factors not characteristic of the body.
Explanation:
This happens because the thyroid cells do not present on its surface the histocompatibility complex, which is a surface protein similar to the proper and non-proper "seal", that is, it is the demarcation by which the antibodies and the cells are guided to recognize what foreign to the organism.
The histocompatibility complex is sometimes absent or rather mutated, thus generating that these cells are considered not their own and that the antibody is a receptor in order to generate the autolysis pathway or even the immune defense pathway.
Answer:
1. when there is cardiovascular disease.
2. High blood pressure increases the likelihood of suffering a stroke, a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease or premature death.
3. The mitral valve opens.
Explanation:
1. High blood pressure is a common condition in which the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries over the course of time is high enough to cause you health problems such as heart disease. After the first rise of pressure caused cardiac ejection volume, one notch occurs with a second ascent product of the reflection of the pulse wave. In younger individuals, with elastic arteries, said wave occurs in diastole, so does not influence the peak systolic pressure. By contrast, with advancing age and the stiffness of large vessels, the reflected wave is transmitted prior to the aorta (systole) so as to increase the peak central PAS.
2. The pressure increases progressively the pressure of the blood flowing through the arteries. As a result, you can submit the following: Arteries damaged and narrowed. High blood pressure can damage the cells of the inner lining of the arteries.
3. When the pressure in the left ventricle falls below the pressure of the left atrium, the mitral valve opens, and the left ventricle fills with blood that had been accumulating in the left atrium.
