The antimicrobial activities in the mouth are hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and killing many microbes.
The capability of an hydrochloric acid activating pathogen-killing compounds is not a part of insect immunity,There has recently been an increase in interest in trehalose metabolism for therapeutic applications due to trehalose's relevance in numerous pathogenic species.The most significant biosynthetic process is the enzyme TPP (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase) (OtsAB).
Here, five important nematode and bacterial pathogens' recombinant TPPs, including three new members of this protein family, are compared for their enzyme characteristics.
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of trehalose-6-phosphate show that all five enzymes display burst-like kinetic behaviour, which is characterised by a decrease in enzymatic rate beyond the pre-steady state.
The observed super-stoichiometric burst amplitudes can be explained by many global conformational changes that occur in members of this enzyme family during substrate processing.
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1. Parasites
2. herbivores
3. phagocytosis
4. Plant
5. oxygen (O2)
6. gills
7. open
8. urea
9. Single-loop circulatory systems have one direction of blood flow. Typically in fish, oxygen is absorbed in the gills, flows in blood to the body organs, and back to the heart, which pumps it directly back to the gills. In double-loop circulatory systems, the heart has multiples of each chamber. Part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, to get oxygen. This blood flows back to a different chamber where it then gets pumped to the body. Once its oxygen has been used up, it goes back to the heart to be pumped all over again to the lungs.
10. Freshwater animals have lower water and higher salt concentrations than the environment in their cells. This means water constantly tries to diffuse into the animals, which can bloat them. They have special cell processes that remove extra water.
pennfoster
As DNA replication begins the DNA molecule is broken apart into two complementary strands. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. The process occurs in all living and is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with the separation of DNA strands in the double helix. Then replication for is formed followed by the binding of bases to each strand. Then the last step is termination of the Replication process
Answer: Sex evolved as an extremely efficient mechanism for producing variation, and this had the major advantage of enabling organisms to adapt to changing environments. Sex did, however, come with a cost. In reproducing asexually, no time nor energy needs to be expended in choosing a mate.
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