The answer is 1 I think because opportunity cost is giving up one thing for another as far as I know
The Monroe Doctrine was an attempt by the United States to delineate what the US would and would not get involved in as a country. In essence, it is a declaration that the US would stay out of land wars in Europe if Europe stayed out of the affairs of the Western hemisphere.
Spain is the landlocked one
Explanation:
secularism is a doctrine that opposes any form of religious and intra religious domination.
treating people of the different religious equally
Secularism helps promote religious tolerance which is required to maintain peace, cooperation and Unity among people