Answer:
Pardo's urging came at a time when many recognized the need for updating the freedom-of-the-seas doctrine to take into account the technological changes that had altered man's relationship to the oceans
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in 1982. It lays down a comprehensive regime of law and order in the world's oceans and seas establishing rules governing all uses of the oceans and their resources.
Because the priests were the only ones who could read the Bible, which in that time was only translated in Latin, people relied on the priests to explain about what God wanted His people to know. So because many priests were corrupt and didn't really want to follow God's commands, they used their knowledge of latin just as a tool to tell people false doctrine like the threat of excommunication, which is supposedly the pope had control over other people's salvation, (which obviously is not true because the pope also is a man, and all men sin, not God, but they told the people that's what the Bible said because none of the peasants knew latin) if the common people didn't obey laws like giving money to the pope.