In active transport particles move by making use of energy in the form of ATP.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Unlike in passive transport particles have to move against the concentration gradient in active transport. Thus particles require energy to do so and this energy is in the form of ATP. Osmosis and simple diffusion are examples of passive transport where substances move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
This movement is down the concentration gradient. In active transport particles move from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration which is against the concentration gradient. Active transport is of two types.
In the first type called primary active transport energy is directly used in the form of ATP. In the second type called secondary active transport an electrochemical gradient created by ATP is used to facilitate the transport.
The highest level of organization for living things is the BIOSPHERE; it encompasses all other levels. The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
Water moves from the soil to the leaves of mesophytes by osmosis and xylem conduction.
<h3>What are mesophytes?</h3>
Mesophytes are plants that are adapted to moderate water environments only. In other words, they cannot survive extremely or extremely wet environments.
Water moves from the soil to the leaves of mesophytes as follows:
1. Water moves into the root hair by osmosis
2. Water is conducted upward from the root hairs by special cells known as xylems.
3. Conducted water reaches various plant parts, including leaves.
More on mesophytes can be found here: brainly.com/question/1047887
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Answer:
A) A decrease in Na+ permeability, and an increase in K+ permeability.
Explanation:
When the potential action reaches a peak of about +40 mv Na+ channels are open and a high number of Na+ ions are entering the inside of the cell. Shortly after this happens the K+ channels will start to open their gates increasing the cell K+ permeability while the Na+ channels will start to close their gates, so the Na+ permeability will decrease. This happens in order to valance the positive charge on the inside of the cell. Normally the inside has a negative charge while the outside has a positive one, as the inside is more positive due to the increase in Na+ permeability at the beginning of the potential action, K+ cations (which are in abundance in the cell) will have to go out through the K+ channels so as to restore the charge valance, that means that there is an increase in K+ permeability.
