Mutations present permanent and heritable changes in the genome. We distinguish gene and chromosome mutations. Mutations in the level of genes are called point mutations because only one to several nucleotides are changed. These processes are known as deletion, insertion, and substitution. Deletion presents a loss of nucleotides which changes DNA sequence. When new nucleotides are embedded in the DNA chain, it is known as insertion. Substitution implies the process where new nucleotides are inserted while the ones that were present in that specific spot in a DNA molecule are deleted.
Mutations can also appear in chromosomes altering their number and structure. There are four types of mutations - deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. In deletion, a whole or one part of a chromosome is lost. Duplication presents an extra copy of a whole or one part of a chromosome. In an inversion, parts of a chromosome change order, while in translocation a part of one chromosome detaches and then connects to another.
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The answer you are looking for is:
D.) Eukaryote
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Answer:
A. S phase
Explanation:
The cell cycle involves all the series of division events that occurs to an organism. Cell division, which can be meiosis or mitosis, involves two main stages viz: Interphase and M phase.
Interphase describes the resting stage of the cell i.e. when the cell is not dividing. The cell uses this time to prepare itself for the next round of division. Interphase stage further consists of three main phases viz: G1, S and G2 phases.
In the S phase or synthesis phase of Interphase, the cell duplicates its genetic material (DNA). Hence, an onion cell observed by a student to have loosely coiled chromatin depicting DNA duplication is in the S-PHASE.