The phrase came to be automatically associated with Roosevelt and was frequently used by the press, especially in cartoons, to refer particularly to his foreign policy; in Latin America and the Caribbean, he enacted the Big Stick policy (in foreign policy, also known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine). If you need something different, please let me know. Hope I helped.
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Trench Warfare led to the stalemate on the Western Front.
These two places were British colonies like the U.S once was. A colony is a place of land claimed by a country that is not connected to the mainland.