Oxygen is needed by aerobic organisms for cellular respiration process. Oxygen happens when the muscles are working faster than energy can be produced. Energy is still produced but anaerobic process is done to cope up. The signs of oxygen debt are panting and muscle fatigue.
C. Cellular dysfunction
I took the test
The structural components of the mammalian nephron where the transcytosis of water increases due to the action of anti-diuretic hormone is/are the collecting duct. ADH is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It acts on renal collecting ducts via V2 receptors to increase water permeability, which leads to decreased urine formation. This increases blood volume, cardiac output and arterial pressure.
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that have thick cell walls which yield positive results in the Gram staining test. Lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
- All bacteria indicated in the question can be classified by the Gram staining test:
- Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria
- The genus <em>Arthrobacter </em>includes Gram-positive bacteria
- <em>Escherichia coli </em>(<em>E. coli</em>) is a Gram-negative bacterium
- <em>Staphylococcus spp.</em> are Gram-positive bacteria
- <em>Bacillus spp</em> are Gram-positive bacteria
- <em>Mycobacterium spp.</em> are Gram-positive bacteria
- Prokaryotes can be divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea.
- Gram staining is a method used to classify bacteria, but this method IS NOT USED to stain Archaea.
- In consequence, I would not use the Gram test to stain Archaebacteria because Archaebacteria aren't bacteria (Option A is correct).
- Archaebacteria belong to the Archaea domain.
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