Answer:
The answer is <em><u>D.
</u></em>
Explanation:
Viruses can evade the processing and presentation of antigens, for example by interfering with the expression of MHC class I proteins, although this increases their susceptibility to be detected by natural killer cells (NK). However, some members of the herpesvirus, papillomavirus, retrovirus, poxvirus and flavivirus families have also developed strategies to escape the attack of NK cells and promote their survival, inhibiting cell apoptosis. Finally, some pathogens often change surface antigens frequently, as in the case of influenza viruses (orthomyxovirus).
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects CD4 + T cells and degrades the host's ability to counterattack with a strong cell-mediated immune response. There are so many tactics of immune evasion used by HIV, which have so far hindered the development of an effective vaccine.
Neutropenia, a subtype of leukopenia, refers to a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant white blood cells<span>.</span>
The principal-agent problem could be defined by saying that it is an agent who benefits from the effort of others without having even participated in the joint effort. It is a concept that is to be linked more broadly to the problems of information asymmetry.
<span>The term moral hazard refers to a type of market failure where the existence of insurance against a certain risk increases the likelihood of the occurrence of the event causing the risk.</span>
<u>The right answer is:</u>
Principal-agent problem matches with 2
Asymmetric information matches with 3
Adverse selection matches with 4
Moral hazard matches with 1
C. Forest fires
because it destroys habitat and ecosystems
there is also loss of wildlife.
When conducting a population sampling study, on the first capture attempt, we tag, count, and release the captured individuals. Thus, option "D" is correct.
<h3>What is the mark-recapture method?</h3>
This is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate the animals in the population. A portion of the population is captured, marked and released. Another part of the population will, later on, be captured. This can be used to estimate the population in an assumption that the portion that was captured is proportional to the entire population. This is obtained by dividing the number of marked individuals by the individual marked on the second capture. This is one of the simplest and most practical methods of estimating the population.
Thus, option "D" is correct.
To learn more about the mark-recapture method click here:
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