Interspecific competition can occur between two different species competing for the same resource in an ecosystem. So for this particular bug population, there may be another insect species that competes for the same food source or another resource, such as material or space for breeding habitat. This can lead to selective pressure, and may result in the different species evolving a more specific diet or inhabiting a niche environment.
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a protein molecule. Proteins are polymers — specifically polypeptides — formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue (chemistry) indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein.[1] To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins.
Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.[2] By physical size, proteins are classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament.
A protein may undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes.
The total perimeter is 2 5/6
A system is contained by its boundary; therefore, the size of a system is limited by its boundary.
Answer:
■Gene sequences would be used to make Probes for both the Southern and Northern blots.
■The probes will be used to view the presence of each gene with the use of isolated genomic DNA obtained from the isolated bacterium
■Each probes hybridized to the genome shows the pathway is isolated and point of the genes were involved in the substrate catabolism
■The carbon source in the isolate is derived from the substrate inducing the catabolic pathway as RNA determine transcripts present
■Probes hybridizing to the same sequences would be used to determine the gene activity for the pathway as seen in the southern one
■since all the genes present in the genome couldn't be identified, the northern would be important to work on
■Catabolic pathway is determined by the same genes. Hence, the need for gene/transcript probes to hybridize to the transcriptome.
