I think it's letter A.litter left on the field after a ball game
The process is ocurring by steps, starting with depolarization.
1- Na+ permeability > K+ permeability
2- Vm (membrane potential) approaches ENa+ (quilibrium potential for potassium)
3- K+ permeability > Na+ permeability
4- Vm (membrane potential) approaches EK+ (quilibrium potential for potassium)
The mentioned case represents secondary succession.
Secondary succession is one of the two kinds of ecological succession of plant life. Secondary succession refers to a procedure initiated by an incident, like harvesting, forest fire, hurricane, and others, which minimizes an already settled ecosystem to a lesser population of species.
Thus, it can be said that the secondary succession takes place in preexisting soil on the other hand primary succession takes place in a place devoid of soil.
Secondary succession is the ecological succession, which takes place after the initial succession has been disrupted and certain plant and animal species do prevail. It is usually faster in comparison to primary succession.
Answer:
a wasteland
Explanation:
if an ecosystem did not have interactions it would not be an ecosystem because it takes different parts cooperating together for it to function.