Answer:
The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat
Creationists criticize the idea of natural selection as a circular argument, or tautology, claiming "the fittest are those that survive, and survival is how fitness is defined. "
The definition of natural selection is not tautological because natural selection is measured by contribution to the next generation, not simply survival of an individual organism.
Tautologies or circular arguments are true at all times and therefore are not productive as theories since they cannot be disproved. A tautology is a statement which is true by necessity.
Natural selection is the prevalent theory which explains biological change by predicting the mechanism behind evolution.
Nevertheless, natural selection can be explained non-tautologically. It should be described as the theory which tries to speculate as well as retrodict evolutionary change by environmental forces affecting the organisms.
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Most of the cells in the human body are diploid.
Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. In humans majority of the cells are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The exception are the human sex cells (egg and sperm cells). These contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid.
Answer:
Opportunistic, endogenous pathogen
Explanation:
Opportunistic infection is an infection that is caused by the microbes that are otherwise the component of one's own normal microbiota. Under particular conditions, the microbes become pathogenic and cause infection. The pathogen-derived from one's own microbiota is called endogenous pathogen.
According to the given information, <em>Candida albicans </em>is a part of the microflora of mouth but becomes pathogenic under certain conditions. In healthy individuals, they do not produce disease as their overgrowth is suppressed by other microbiota and other host resistance mechanisms. The infection occurs only in those individuals with predisposing factors such as weakened immune system or after consumption of antibacterial medications that disturb the normal microbiota and immune competency. This makes it an opportunistic, endogenous pathogen.
