Answer:
There are 20 different standard L-α-amino acids used by cells for protein construction. Amino acids, as their name indicates, contain both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. This difunctionality allows the individual amino acids to join in long chains by forming peptide bonds: amide bonds between the -NH2 of one amino acid and the -COOH of another. Sequences with fewer than 50 amino acids are generally referred to as peptides, while the terms, protein and polypeptide, are used for longer sequences. A protein can be made up of one or more polypeptide molecules. The end of the peptide or protein sequence with a free carboxyl group is called the carboxy-terminus or C-terminus. The terms, amino-terminus and N-terminus, describe the end of the sequence with a free α-amino group.
The amino acids differ in structure by the substituent on their side chains. These side chains confer different chemical, physical, and structural properties to the final peptide or protein. The structures of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are shown in Figure 1. Each amino acid has both a one-letter and three-letter abbreviation. These abbreviations are commonly used to simplify the written sequence of a peptide or protein.
figure1-Protein-Structure
Depending on the side-chain substituent, an amino acid can be classified as being acidic, basic or neutral. Although 20 amino acids are required for synthesis of various proteins found in humans, we can synthesize only ten. The remaining 10 are called essential amino acids and must be obtained in the diet.
The amino acid sequence of a protein is encoded in DNA. Proteins are synthesized by a series of steps called transcription (the use of a DNA strand to make a complimentary messenger RNA strand – mRNA) and translation (the mRNA sequence is used as a template to guide the synthesis of the chain of amino acids which make up the protein). Often, post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation or phosphorylation, occur which are necessary for the biological function of the protein. While the amino acid sequence makes up the primary structure of the protein, the chemical/biological properties of the protein are very much dependent on the three-dimensional or tertiary structure.
True... examples: the spine helps you stay up right which would help for structure and the skull help protect the brain which would be protection
Answer:
The envelope come from the host cell membrane as the virus leaves the host cell
Explanation:
A virus is an organism that is incapable of replicating on its own without infecting a living host. A virus consists of a genetic material (DNA or RNA) , a protein coat called CAPSID, and sometimes some viruses possess an envelope, which is an outer covering or enclosure. Viruses that possess this envelope are referred to as ENVELOPED VIRUS.
The virus lacks the ability to produce any structure, hence, they gain this envelope made of phospholipid from the cell membrane of the host they infect. During the infection cycle of a virus, a process called budding enables a portion of the host's plasma membrane to cover or encapsulate the virion cells, hence, making them enveloped in the process.
Answer:
The attraction of water molecules to other substances, like soil or glass, is called adhesion. The cohesive forces between polar molecules are stronger than those between non-polar molecules, such as those in oil or syrup.
The biosphere is made up of all living things (organisms).
The biosphere includes animals, biomes, population, communities, and ecosystems. The biomes are climate regions which can contain certain types of animals and plants. An ecosystem is all living things in one specific area, also such as plants, animals, and organisms.