Peer review is a means of quality control for scholarly journal articles and books. It is the evaluation process of academic, scientific and professional work done by other individuals working in a similar field. Sometimes, the articles published in academic Journals are also referred as scholarly journals.
Hope this helps.
Answer:
I know this is late, but for the people looking for the answer, its carbon and hydrogen
Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
brainly.com/question/18996262
#SPJ4
Answer: Incomplete dominance
Explanation:
In incomplete dominance, both alleles are expressed but have become blended giving rise to a new trait with one also been more noticed than the other although both are expressed. For instance a red flower and a white flower are crossed, giving rise to a pink flower. As compared to codominance, both alleles are equally expressed and are equally dominant. For example, a white college crossed with a black hen giving rise to a black and white (checkered) chick.