Answer:
Speech therapy and hearing aids may be required
Explanation:
Answer:
Arterial blood gas (ABG) results from a 68-year-old woman with difficulty breathing show:
- Oxygenation (PaO₂): hypoxemia
- pH: acidosis
- PaCO₂: Hypercapnia
- HCO₃⁻: normal
whose interpretation is: <u>respiratory acidosis</u>.
Hypercapnia can produce symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness or lethargy, headache, nausea and vomiting and, in severe states, can cause severe unconsciousness and coma.
Explanation:
Respiratory acidosis is due to a failure in the breathing process that produces <u>hypoventilation</u>, decreasing the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) —hypoxemia— and increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (PaCO₂), called hypercapnia.
- <u><em>Acidosis</em></u><em> is the result of the accumulation of CO₂ in the body, which is reflected as a decrease in </em><em>pH</em><em> below 7.35, with no change in bicarbonate content.</em>
- <u><em>Hypoxemia</em></u><em> is the decrease of PaO₂ below 60 mmHg.</em>
- <u><em>Hypercapnia</em></u><em> is the increase of PaCO₂ in ABG above 45 mmHg.</em>
- <em>Normal </em><em>bicarbonate</em><em> </em><em>(HCO₃⁻) </em><em>values range from 22 to 28 mEq/L in ABG. This compound can be altered in metabolic acidosis.</em>
<u>Hypercapnia mainly affects the nervous system</u>, producing symptoms that alter the state of consciousness of the affected, also producing headache and even nausea and vomiting.
TLDR: Antibiotics must be taken several weeks to fully kill the bacteria. Else, surviving bacteria develops drug resistance.
Antibiotic prescription really depends on the patient's condition. Some conditions like major surgery or diseases that cause immunosuppression are more prone to bacterial infection, thus they must take antibiotics for prolonged periods of time to fight their current infections or prevent further infections.
Antibiotics, as a general rule, must be given 7 days or several weeks (depending on the bacteria/pathogen) to be sure that all the disease-causing bacteria are dead. If the drugs are taken only until symptoms fade, the surviving bacteria (now fewer in number and not causing symptoms) will develop mutations that may help resist the previously-taken antibiotic, giving rise to drug resistance.
Thus, Arjun must take the antibiotics for several weeks more (according to the doctor's orders, of course) to kill all remaining bacteria and also to prevent bacterial drug resistance. Which is really problematic, since we're slowly losing our number of effective antibiotics.