Vector testGrades contains NUM_VALS test scores. Write a for loop that sets sumExtra to the total extra credit received. Full cr
edit is 100, so anything over 100 is extra credit. Ex: If testGrades = {101, 83, 107, 90}, then sumExtra = 8, because 1 + 0 + 7 + 0 is 8.
1 answer:
Answer:
Here is for loop that sets sumExtra to the total extra credit received. I am writing a program in C++
for(i = 0; i <= testGrades.size() - 1; i++){
if(testGrades.at(i) > 100){
sumExtra = sumExtra + (testGrades.at(i) - 100); } }
Explanation:
The complete program is:
#include <iostream> //to use input output functions
#include <vector> //to use vectors
using namespace std; //to identify objects like cin cout
int main() { //start of main function
const int NUM_VALS = 4; // sets the value of NUM_VALS as a constant to 4
vector<int> testGrades(NUM_VALS); // initialize the vector of int (integer) type
int i = 0; // i is initialzed to 0
int sumExtra = 0; //stores the total extra credit
testGrades.at(0) = 101; //sets 101 at first position in vector
testGrades.at(1) = 83; //sets value 83 at second position
testGrades.at(2) = 107; //sets value 107 at third position
testGrades.at(3) = 90; //sets value 90 at fourth position
for(i = 0; i <= testGrades.size() -1; i++){ //loop iterate through each value of in a vector testGrades
if(testGrades.at(i) > 100){ // if the value in a vector exceeds 100
sumExtra = sumExtra + (testGrades.at(i) - 100); } } //computes total extra credit
cout << "sumExtra: " << sumExtra << endl;} //displays the value of computed total extra credit in output
The loop works as follows:
In the first iteration the value of vector testGrades at(i) is at(0) = 101.
if statement checks if this value/element is greater than 100. This is true as 101 > 100. So sumExtra = sumExtra + (testGrades.at(i) - 100); statement is executed in which 100 is subtracted from that element and the result is added to the sumExtra. sumExtra is initialized to 0 so the value of sumExtra becomes: 0+ 101 - 100= 1 So the value of sumExtra = 1
In the second iteration the value of i = 1 and it is positioned at 2nd value of vector testGrades i.e. 83. Then if statement checks if this value/element is greater than 100. This is false as 83 < 100. So the value of sumExtra = 1
In the third iteration the value of i = 2 and it is positioned at 3rd value of vector testGrades i.e. 107. Then if statement checks if this value/element is greater than 100. This is true as 107 > 100.
sumExtra = sumExtra + (testGrades.at(i) - 100); statement is executed in which 100 is subtracted from that element and the result is added to the sumExtra
sumExtra is 1 so the value of sumExtra becomes: 1+ 107 - 100= 8 So the value of sumExtra = 8
In fourth iteration the value of i = 3 and it is positioned at 4th value of testGrades vector i.e. 90. Then the if statement checks if this element is greater than 100. This is false as 90 < 100. So the value of sumExtra remains 8.
Finally the loop breaks as the value of i becomes 4. So the output is 8.
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Answer:
Here is the C++ program:
#include <iostream> // to include input output functions
using namespace std; // to identify objects like cin cout
int counter(string userString, char character) { //function counter
int count = 0; // counts the no of times a character appears in the string
for (int i=0;i<userString.length();i++)
// loop to move through the string to find the occurrence of the character
if (userString[i] == character) //if characters is found in the string
count++; //counts the occurrence of the character in the string
return count; } //returns the no of times character occurs in the string
int main() { //start of the main() function body
string s; // stores the string entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a string: "; //prompts user to enter the string
cin>>s; //reads the string from user
char ch; //stores the character entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a character: "; //prompts user to enter a character
cin>>ch; //reads the character from user
cout << counter(s, ch) << endl; }
//calls counter function to find the number of times a character occurs in the //string
Explanation:
The counter function works as following:
It has a count variable which stores the number of occurrences of a character in the userString.
It uses a for loop which loops through the entire string.
It has i position variable which starts with the first character of the string and checks if the first character of userString matches with the required character.
If it matches the character then count variable counts the first occurrence of the character and in the userString and is incremented to 1.
If the character does not match with the first character of the userString then the loops keeps traversing through the userString until the end of the userString is reached which is specified by the length() function which returns the length of the string.
After the loop ends the return count statement is used to return the number of occurrences of the character in the userString.
The main() function prompts the user to enter a string and a character. It then calls counter() function passing string s and character ch arguments to it in order to get the number of times ch appears in s.
The output is attached in a screenshot.
