Before experimental drugs can be brought to market, they must undergo many rigorous trials to ensure they deliver their medical
benefits effectively and safely. One method commonly used in this process is to compare the effect of a drug with that of a placebo in double-blind tests. Which of the following correctly describes a double-blind test? a. The researchers apply two-layered blindfolds to the study participants so that they cannot see whether they are receiving the drug or a placebo.
b. Neither the researchers nor the study participants know who is receiving the drug and who is receiving the placebo.
c. The researchers know who is receiving the drug and who is receiving the placebo, but they do not know what the supposed effects of the drug should be.
d. The researchers do not know who receives the drug or the placebo, but the participants know and tell them later.
e. None of the above is correct.
b. Neither the researchers nor the study participants know who is receiving the drug and who is receiving the placebo.
Explanation:
In a double-blind test, there are two groups of participants: (1) people who are receiving the new drug and (2) people who are taking a placebo. Neither people from group (1) nor people from group (2) know what they are taking. Also, researchers recollect data from theses groups without knowing which person belongs to each group to avoid any "favoritism" caused by expected results.
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<span> The answer is a misense mutation. In this case, the substitution of the tryosine amino acid with cysteine in the same position in the sequence does not affect the polypeptide becasue both tryosine and cysteine are polar animo acids. If the substitution </span><span><span> in the polypeptide chain </span>was by amino acids with different properties, it would affect the folding of the protein and change its conformation hence also affect its function. </span>
