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Lelu [443]
3 years ago
7

Can anyone help me integrate :

Mathematics
1 answer:
worty [1.4K]3 years ago
3 0
Rewrite the second factor in the numerator as

2x^2+6x+1=2(x+2)^2-2(x+2)-3

Then in the entire integrand, set x+2=\sqrt3\sec t, so that \mathrm dx=\sqrt3\sec t\tan t\,\mathrm dt. The integral is then equivalent to

\displaystyle\int\frac{(\sqrt3\sec t-2)(6\sec^2t-2\sqrt3\sec t-3)}{\sqrt{(\sqrt3\sec t)^2-3}}(\sqrt3\sec t)\,\mathrm dt
=\displaystyle\int\frac{(6\sqrt3\sec^3t-18\sec^2t+\sqrt3\sec t+6)\sec t}{\sqrt{\sec^2t-1}}\,\mathrm dt
=\displaystyle\int\frac{(6\sqrt3\sec^3t-18\sec^2t+\sqrt3\sec t+6)\sec t}{\sqrt{\tan^2t}}\,\mathrm dt
=\displaystyle\int\frac{(6\sqrt3\sec^3t-18\sec^2t+\sqrt3\sec t+6)\sec t}{|\tan t|}\,\mathrm dt

Note that by letting x+2=\sqrt3\sec t, we are enforcing an invertible substitution which would make it so that t=\mathrm{arcsec}\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt3} requires 0\le t or \dfrac\pi2. However, \tan t is positive over this first interval and negative over the second, so we can't ignore the absolute value.

So let's just assume the integral is being taken over a domain on which \tan t>0 so that |\tan t|=\tan t. This allows us to write

=\displaystyle\int\frac{(6\sqrt3\sec^3t-18\sec^2t+\sqrt3\sec t+6)\sec t}{\tan t}\,\mathrm dt
=\displaystyle\int(6\sqrt3\sec^3t-18\sec^2t+\sqrt3\sec t+6)\csc t\,\mathrm dt

We can show pretty easily that

\displaystyle\int\csc t\,\mathrm dt=-\ln|\csc t+\cot t|+C
\displaystyle\int\sec t\csc t\,\mathrm dt=-\ln|\csc2t+\cot2t|+C
\displaystyle\int\sec^2t\csc t\,\mathrm dt=\sec t-\ln|\csc t+\cot t|+C
\displaystyle\int\sec^3t\csc t\,\mathrm dt=\frac12\sec^2t+\ln|\tan t|+C

which means the integral above becomes

=3\sqrt3\sec^2t+6\sqrt3\ln|\tan t|-18\sec t+18\ln|\csc t+\cot t|-\sqrt3\ln|\csc2t+\cot2t|-6\ln|\csc t+\cot t|+C
=3\sqrt3\sec^2t-18\sec t+6\sqrt3\ln|\tan t|+12\ln|\csc t+\cot t|-\sqrt3\ln|\csc2t+\cot2t|+C

Back-substituting to get this in terms of x is a bit of a nightmare, but you'll find that, since t=\mathrm{arcsec}\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt3}, we get

\sec t=\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt3}
\sec^2t=\dfrac{(x+2)^2}3
\tan t=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4x+1}3}
\cot t=\sqrt{\dfrac3{x^2+4x+1}}
\csc t=\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+4x+1}}
\csc2t=\dfrac{(x+2)^2}{2\sqrt3\sqrt{x^2+4x+1}}

etc.
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