D) energy required to remove a valence electron
Explanation:
The ionization energy is the energy required to remove a valence electron from an element.
Different kinds of atoms bind their valence electrons with different amount of energy.
- To remove the electrons, energy must be supplied to the atom.
- The amount of energy required to remove the an electron in the valence shell is the ionization energy or ionization potential.
- The first ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron in an atom in the ground state.
- The ionization energy measures the readiness of an atom to loose electrons.
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A. you're exposed to nuclear radiation everyday
Nucleotide bases bonded to a sugar phosphate backbone make up nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (<span>ribonucleic acid)</span>. Nucleotides have three major parts: sugars, phosphates, and a nitrogenous base. DNA uses four nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. RNA uses the same bases except for Thymine, which is replaced by Uracil.
