what? I think you're missing some crucial information in this question.
Answer:
For normal goods, the income effect and the substitution effect both work in the same direction; a decrease in the relative price of the good will increase quantity demanded both because the good is now cheaper than substitute goods, and because the lower price means that consumers have a greater total purchasing power.
Explanation:
Prokaryote and eukaryote both have cell membranes
The answer to your question is B- introduction of non-native animal species
