Explanation:
Storing the food helps them to use it in winter and survive because there is very little sunlight available and so they photosynthesis less. When they have extra food they store it in their seeds and when the seed grows it gets it's food from the plant until the plant is able to photosynthesis and produce its food.
It has more similarity to fossils in layer A than layer D.
Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
Answer:
n stage 13, all four limb buds are present. In stage 13, the upper limb buds resemble flippers. In stage 23, the upper limb shows well-formed arm, elbow, wrist, and fingers. In stage 23, the lower limb shows well-formed toes, feet, and knees.
Explanation:
The correct answer is option D. copper (Cu)
Malleability is the ability of metals to be hammered into sheets.
Metals are often required for different applications. The ability of metals to be hammered into sheets is called malleability.
Malleability of a metal is closely related to its density. The denser the metal, the less easily malleable it is.
Both copper and strontium are metals but copper is denser than strontium hence copper is less malleable than strontium.
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