Recall the endosymbiosis hypothesis and recall endosymbiosis. Remember that the very first cell was a prokaryotic cell. Which engulfed chloroplast precursors and mitochondria. We all come from these cells. And how we evolved over time shows the relationship. I'm a bio major hope I helped
The double chain in the unsaturated fatty acid cause it to bent; unlike saturated fatty acid which has no double bond, is straight.
The square denotes male. One parent is recessive, so X must have at least one recessive allele. B is the right answer.
Answer:
cooler denser air produces an area of higher air pressure and moves in under rising air
Explanation:
Answer and Explanation:
a. Why would such a heat-stable polymerase be beneficial in PCR?
- Because in PCR, DNA is heated up 95 °C to denature DNA (see first figure)
b. What would happen if it weren’t heat stable?
- If it weren't heat stable we had to add it in every PCR cycle and please note that PCR can take 20 to 35 cycles. Imagine being researcher that you need to open 20 small tubes every 5 minutes and add polymerase enzyme into these tubes for 20 to 35 times. It is very labor intensive and Taq polymerase relives the researchers from this work.
c. How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?
- You need to calculate melting temperature (Tm) of your primers and use the calculated values to prevent non specific bindings. Primers usually binds non-specifically if the low annealing temperature is used (lower than 5 °C of your Tm value)
d. A PCR reaction begins with 5 double stranded segment of DNA. Estimate the number of double-stranded copies of DNA that are present after the completion of 15 amplification cycles?
In every amplification cycle copies of DNA are doubled. So the answer is 5 x 2^15.