Direct characterization occurs when an author directly tells us about the character's personality traits. Indirect characterization, as its name suggests, happens when an author gives us an insight into a character's personality through the way the character speaks, thinks, looks, etc. In this particular excerpt from Ernest Hemingway's<em> Farewell to Arms</em> (1929), the character's personality is shown through his behavior towards the drivers. He gives them each a package of cigarettes and explains the plan to them, which demonstrates his generosity. In this excerpt, therefore, Hemingway develops the narrator through indirect characterization.
