The factors are the numbers being multiplied together
According to Google, a Variable is <span>any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. If you type in variable in the Google search bar, it will give you the definition in a little box at the very top of the page :).
</span>
G(10) = 21
You plug in 10 and multiply it with 2, then add 1, which you’ll get 21.