1. Explain why neither cyclins nor kinases alone can cause a cell to progress through the cell cycle.
As cyclin accumulates, it activates their kinases that turn on the pathway to mitotic spindle formation, and so on.
2. How do controls of the cell cycle protect multi-cellular organisms from accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells?
The checkpoint control is responsible for multi-cellular organisms for not accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells. Checkpoint controls consist of proteins that detect mistakes and damage and quickly halt the cell cycle until repairs are made. When this occurs, the cell is said to be in cell-cycle <span>arrest.
</span>3. What is the difference between a cancerous tumor and metastasis?
Cancer is cause by mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to uncontrolled growth. Cancer is when there is uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction. Metastasis is caused by tumors when they grow and interfere with the surrounding tissue or cells and break off and spread around the body. Cancerous tumors cause metastasis, and tumors are caused by mutations in genes that lead to uncontrolled growth.
4. What are the functions of tumor-suppressor genes and protoncogenes in noncancerous cells?
The genes that encode the checkpoint proteins are called tumor suppressors because they suppress the development of cells into tumors. If mutations inactivate these genes, the cell-cycle break is removed with or without a signal from the outside. Proto-oncogene’s are involved in promoting cell division, mutations can cause them to become oncogenes, or cancer genes which stimulate cells to leave G0 and divide whether or not it is a signal.
Answer:
A. solar energy in the rays of sunlight
Explanation:
photons in the sunlight rays will excite the electrons in the water molecule and hence will provide the energy for calvin cycle.
Carbon is 6
Iridium is 77
Helium is 2
Sulfur is 16 ( not sure)
Hydrogen is 1
So
Hydrogen
Helium
Carbon
Sulfur
Iridium
Sorry if I’m incorrect.
Correct answer: C). Fungicides interfere with fungal growth and reproduction, while genetic engineering produces plants resistant to fungi.
Fungicide is a chemical substance that is known to cause toxicity in fungi in order to kill them. Its use can help to reduce the number of fungal infection that causes great loss to plants and its productivity.
In genetic engineering, the DNA of plants is altered in such a way that it produces a toxic protein, which will kill the fungi when it tries to infect them or slow down the growth of the plant.
Answer:
The correct answer is - proteins.
Explanation:
Enzymes are made up of the long chains of amino acids that are linked by the peptide bonds that make a polypeptide chain known as proteins. Proteins are the building block of the enzyme and the building of thevarious structures in the body.
Enzymes are made up of two protein that also plays as the role of a biological catalyst whereas protein only plays role in forming different structure and performing functions.
