Answer:
Mitochondria.
Explanation:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the neuron died due to mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 gene. This disease is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Mitochondria structure is disorganized in ALS. The ubiquitin protein mutation leads to the malfunctioning of mitochondria and misfolded proteins are made in the mitochondria.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
Answer:
Repair mechanism for base cleavage (BER)
Explanation:
Repair by base cleavage (BER)
The altered bases are specifically recognized by glycosylases and removed, generating an AP site. The hole is filled by a DNA polymerase that takes the healthy strand as a template. This system arises not only by exposure to external agents, but also by the cell's own activity.
In case of damage in more than one nucleotide, repair by nucleotide excision (NER) is performed.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
The damaged area is recognized by UvrA and B, then A and B separate and UvrC enters which forms a complex with endonuclease activity with B. This enzyme cuts the T-dimer and the gap is filled by a DNA polymerase. There is also the TC-NER system (transcription-coupled nucleotide repair system). The alteration of these mechanisms gives rise to diseases such as: Xeroderma pigmentosum, Trichotiodystrophy or Cockayne Syndrome
A molecule is made of more than one atom of differing elements that can be simplified while an element cannot be simplified because it is only one atom of one type of element.
Diploid cells. Meiosis is the process of cell division by
which involving gametes. Cell division is just the same for sperm and egg
cells, but they have distinguishable descriptions and labels in the process. Spermatogenesis
is for the males’ sperm cells and oogenesis is the process for females’ egg
cells. The cell division of meiosis involves the two phases, respectively
meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I like mitosis is the cell division that
produces diploid cells. These diploid cells are cells that contain a complete
pair of chromosomes which is 46. The result is two diploid cells after the
first meiosis. To provide clear explanation, in contrast haploid cells only
contain 23 chromosomes and are created after meiosis II which is 4 in number.