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gladu [14]
3 years ago
7

Agency conflicts between managers and shareholders An agency relationship can degenerate into an agency conflict when an agent a

cts in a manner that is not in the best interest of his or her principal. In business, these conflicts most frequently involve the enrichment of the firm's executives or managers (in the form of money and perquisites or power and prestige) at the expense of the shareholders. This usurping of shareholder wealth is most likely to occur when shareholders do not have sufficient information about the decisions and actions being made by the firm's management. Consider the following scenario and determine whether an agency conflict exists: Daniel owns Daniel's Tantalizing Tees, a T-shirt shop in a small college town in Kansas. With a staff of three part-time employees, Daniel operates the business in accordance with his personal goals, dreams, and capabilities.
Does Daniel have an agency conflict to deal with?
A. No; by having part-time, as opposed to full-time, employees, Daniel is prevented from experiencing an agency conflict.
B. Yes; as both the owner and operator of Daniel's Tantalizing Tees, Daniel has created the necessary agency relationship through which an agency conflict can exist.
C. No; as both the owner and operator of Daniel's Tantalizing Tees, Daniel has not created the necessary agency relationship through which an agency conflict can exist.
D. Yes; there is always an inherent conflict of interest between owners and operators (managers). Consider the following scenario and determine whether an agency conflict exists: Five years ago, Li created a plant-care business that grew, stocked, and maintained fresh plants in office buildings throughout Denver. Over time, The Green Zone Inc. (TGZ) has grown from a proprietorship into a corporation, now reaching far beyond Denver. To finance and support this growth, TGZ issued shares that were sold to TGZ employees, Li's family members, and selected outsiders. Li is TGZ's chairman of the board of directors and CEO, but he is no longer the largest shareholder. At the latest annual meeting, two mutually exclusive proposals were placed on the ballot for discussion and vote. The first was put forth by Li and TGZ's management team, and the second was proposed by a small group of other shareholders. Both groups are adamantly opposed to the other group's proposal, even though both proposals would likely have the same effect on TGZ's value and riskiness.
Does an agency conflict exist between TGZ's management and the small group of opposing shareholders?
A. Yes; an agency relationship exists, and an agency relationship always gives rise to agency conflicts, regardless of the actual behavior of the participants.
B. Yes; any conflict or disagreement between the firm's managers and its shareholders constitutes an agency conflict.
C. No; although an agency relationship exists between TGZ's management-including Li as TGZ's chairman and CEO and the firm's shareholders-there is no agency conflict, because no expropriation or wasting of the shareholders' wealth has occurred.
D. No; Li was the original owner of TGZ, so he would always be sensitive to the concerns of the firm's current owners (shareholders) and would not engage in an agency conflict. For the past 40 years, companies have attempted to attract, retain, and encourage managers by developing attractive compensation packages. These compensation packages have also been intended to reduce potential agency conflicts between these managers and the firm's shareholders. In the best interest of shareholders, compensation packages should be structured in a way such that managers have an incentive to maximize the____value of the company's common stock price. Great Fortunes Baking Company's stockholders are mostly individual investors, and there is relatively little institutional ownership. If several pension and mutual funds were to take large positions in Great Fortunes Baking Company's stock, direct shareholder intervention would be likely to motivate the firm's management. Katz Investment Group's stock price is currently trading at $20 per share. The consensus among market analysts is that the stock should trade for $27.5 per share, given the amount, timing, and riskiness of the company's dividends. Is Katz Investment Group more or less likely to receive a hostile takeover bid?
1. Less likely
2. More likely
Business
1 answer:
Novosadov [1.4K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

1. C. No; as both the owner and operator of Daniel's Tantalizing Tees, Daniel has not created the necessary agency relationship through which an agency conflict can exist.

For an agency problem to exist, the owners and the managers must be two different sets of people. If they are the same person, then practically speaking, they cannot usurp their own wealth.

2. C. No; although an agency relationship exists between TGZ's management-including Li as TGZ's chairman and CEO and the firm's shareholders-there is no agency conflict, because no expropriation or wasting of the shareholders' wealth has occurred.

Indeed there is an Agency relationship in effect because some shareholders are not in management. However, it cannot be said that there is a agency conflict because there is no evidence shown that shareholder wealth is being expropriated.

3.  <u>Intrinsic</u>

The  Intrinsic value of a stock is the value that an investor believes the stock is worth. A Manager should therefore get incentives that will inspire them to take investor perception of stock high. When this happens it increases shareholder wealth primarily through capital gain.

4 ... direct shareholder intervention would be <u>more</u> likely to motivate the firm's management.

Institutional Investors such as Pension and Mutual funds usually have more say in a company as they represent several shareholders and have expertise in  the field. Should they get involved, their direct intervention would motivate the firm's management.

5. More likely

If investors believe that the stock should be trading for higher than it actually is, this is incentive to try to lay their hands on the stock to take advantage of this undervaluation. They would be able to offer the current shareholders more money than what it is currently worth which will most likely get them the shares they want. This is classified as a Hostile takeover.

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Hall Corporation reported the following operating results for two consecutive years.
Strike441 [17]

Answer:

                         2014 2013 %CHANGE

SALE           1297000 1001000      29.6%

COGS             797655 600600      32.8%

Gross margin     499345 400400       24.7%

operating expenses  302000 198000        52.5%

Income before tax  197345 202400        -2.5%

taxes                  61400     52600 16.7%

Net income              135945 149800 -9.2%

Explanation:

%change = (2014 - 2013)/2013

2014 and 2013 represent each line item in the income statement

3 0
3 years ago
The income statements for Federer Sports Apparel for 2019 and 2018 are presented below Required Prepare a horizontal analysis fo
nignag [31]

Answer:

FEDERER SPORTS APPAREL  

Income Statement  For the Years Ended December 31

                                                   Years                        Increase /(Decrease)

                                         2019            2018                    Amount      %

Net sales                      18,800,000    15,500,000      3,300,000    21.29%  

Cost of goods sold      13,200,000     7,000,000      6,200,000    88.57%

Gross profit                   5,600,000     8,500,000     (2,900,000)   -34.12%

Operating expenses     1,600,000      1,200,000         400,000     33.33%

Depreciation expense  1,000,000      1,000,000       0                   0

Inventory write-down     200,000       0                      200,000      100%

Loss (litigation)             1,500,000         300,000       1,200,000    400%

Net Income                $1,300,000    $6,000,000      (4,700,000)     78.33%

Explanation:

a) Federer Sports Apparel can use horizontal analysis as a technique for analyzing the financial statement changes over a period of time.  It is a useful tool for Federer to evaluate its trend situations, using the financial statements of two years with the earlier year serving as the base year (or independent variable) while the latter year is the dependent variable.

6 0
3 years ago
You are given the following information for Lightning Power Co. Assume the company’s tax rate is 24 percent. Debt: 19,000 6.8 pe
diamong [38]

Answer:

Company's WACC is 9.6%

Explanation:

WACC is the average cost of capital of the firm based on the weightage of the debt and weightage of the equity multiplied to their respective costs.

Formula for WACC

Weighted Average Cost of Capital = (Cost of Equity x Weightage of equity) + (Cost of preferred Stock x Weightage of preferred Stock ) + (Cost of Debt (1 -t) x Weightage of Debt)

Market Values

Equity = 520,000 x $70 = $36,400,000

Preferred = 23,000 x $91 = $2,093,000

Debt  = $1,110 x 19,000 = $21,090,000

Total Value = $36,400,000 + $2,093,000 + $21,090,000 = $59,583,000

Cost of Equity :

We can calculate cost of equity using CAPM

Capital asset pricing model measure the expected return on an asset or investment. it is used to make decision for addition of specific investment in a well diversified portfolio.

Formula for CAPM

Cost of Equity = Risk free rate + beta ( market return - risk free rate )

Cost of Equity = Rf + β ( Rm - Rf )

Cost of Equity = 5.5% + 1.21 ( 6% )

Cost of Equity = 12.76%

Cost of Preferred stock = 4.6%

We need to calculate the yield to maturity

Yield to maturity = [ C + ( F - P ) / n ] / [ (F + P ) / 2 ]

Placing value in the formula

Yield to maturity = [ 34 + ( $1,000 - $1,110 ) / 48 ] / [ ( $1,000 + $1,110 ) / 2 ]

Yield to maturity = 3% semiannually = 6% annually

Placing values in the formula

Weighted Average Cost of Capital = (12.76% x $36,400,000 / $59,583,000 ) + ( 4.6% x $2,093,000 / $59,583,000 ) + (6% (1 - 0.24 ) x $21,090,000 / $59,583,000 )

Weighted Average Cost of Capital = 7.80% + 0.16% + 1.61% = 9.57%

7 0
3 years ago
A type of kitchen knife with a sharp point and a narrow blade. It is used in food
Scrat [10]

Answer:

The answer is C. Boning knife

3 0
2 years ago
Ritchie orders 1000 widgets from Cunningham Widget Co. The widgets are stored in Al's Warehouse. Under the contract, CWC is requ
Aleks [24]

Answer:

when CWC gives Richie a warehouse receipt for the widgets

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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