I'm pretty sure the last one is incorrect as it become a constitution monarchy not a ruling power of England.
In the first question the correct answer is "concerns" because works in the same literary movements often show the spirit of the time. In the second question the correct answer is "Transcedentalism", with representatives such as Thoreau, Emerson, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman.
Yes, you can say that! Or you can say “letter that contains advice” or “letter that provides advice.”
I am almost done.
P.S. It is very hard. :)