In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
Answer:
D. it takes millions of years to form
Stabilizing a LEG, once it is broken, by using 2 boards extending from the upper thigh to the bottom of the foot is a proper way to help an injured victim in the field.
Answer:
<em>If a cell in your body has 46 chromosomes, it is said to be diploid.</em>
Explanation:
A diploid cell can be described as a cell that has chromosomes present in it in the form of pairs. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the autosomal cells of a human body. This means that in total there are 46 chromosomes in the autosomal cells.
However, the sex cells of the humans are haploid. The sex cells of humans have 23 chromosomes. The male and female sex cells unite to form diploid cell.
Enzymes are the things in our bodies that facilitates reactions. They break down bonds in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. When the food is being broken down, it is easier for the body to use. When the body is conducting cellular respiration, it uses monosaccharides (singular carbohydrate), to form ATP which is useable energy for the body. The body uses ATP everywhere for all bodily functions, which maintains homeostasis. <span />
