Answer:
The CFTR behaves like a channel for chlorine. Its dysfunction affects both the transport of this ion and other ions and the transport of water, which causes a thickening of secretions, an alteration of mucociliary transport and local defenses, facilitating bacterial colonization and promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the airway
Explanation:
CFTR is a protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, pancreas, bile ducts, sweat glands and genitourinary system. It is made up of a single chain made up of 1,480 amino acids. It contains 12 hydrophobic regions embedded in the lipid membrane and acts as a channel for chlorine.The highest levels of expression of the CFTR protein are found in serous cells of the submucosal glands of the proximal airway. In them, Cl- is released to the outside. In addition, there are channels for Na +, through which this ion is also secreted in the same direction. These movements cause the displacement of water and also of mucins, originating in the submucosal glands, allowing their presence on the surface of the airway. For all this to occur normally, a basolateral Na + - K + - ATPase cotransporter must function, another basolateral cotransporter formed by Na +, K + and 2 Cl-, which allows the latter to enter the cell, and an apical CFTR channel through which it exits the Cl- of the cell towards the acinar lumen. Na + leaves the cell following Cl- by a paracellular pathway accompanied by water. When CFTR malfunctions, Cl- does not exit through this channel and this implies a decrease in Na + and water in the canalicular lumen, with the consequent thickening of secretions.
Answer:
In order for a metamorphic rock to become a sedimentary rock, the rock must undergo erosion. Once the rock has eroded, it will produce rock fragments or sediments which accumulate to form a sedimentary rock. ... In turn, when igneous and sedimentary rocks are exposed to heat and pressure, the rocks become metamorphic.
Explanation:
hope this helps
Taxonomy used to have two groups of vertebrates and invertebrates. But invertebrates are far more diverse when it comes to the phylogenetic tree. Vertebrates all share same characteristic which is a back bone made of vertebrae, but invertebrates don’t share a common anatomical structure that all have; they are radically different in structure so they can’t be grouped in a single group. You have Arthropoda, which all have jointed limbs and segmented bodies and molt their cuticles. There’s Cnidaria, which most have tentacles and nematocysts and are radially symmetrical. And Mollusca, which have a muscular foot and a part of their body called a mantle. All these groups are invertebrates, but there’s nothing they share in common WITHOUT referring to the fact that they don’t have vertebrae. So basically that’s just an example why they can’t be grouped into one category; they all have different characteristics and are placed in different areas of the animal kingdom’s phylogenetic tree. Hope this helps
- speed up chemical reactions in the body / hormones
- transport materials across the body
- regulate body tissues and organs
Ex: insulin
Ex: hemoglobin in the blood transport oxygen around the body..yea XD
