Answer: King Philip of France died without an heir and his closest relative was King Edward III of England, so King Edward III was to become the new King of France but the French didn't want to be under English rule so they said that Edwards III's claims to the French throne were invalid, the result was a series of conflicts lasting 116 years between England and France and the conflict ending at the Battle of Castillon, 1453 after which England lost all of it's holdings in France, except Calais.
Explanation:
The challenges to merchants in medieval periods were the bad state of the roads, the little security they offered to travellers, the extortions of all kinds to which foreign Medieval merchants were subjected, and the system of fines and tolls which each landowner thought right to exact, before letting merchandise pass through his domains, all created obstacles to the development of the Middle Ages trade and commerce and as a danger to the Mediaeval Merchant. Due to these dangers and obstacles , The Medieval Merchants Guilds was formed .
A Merchant Guild was an association of of traders. The Merchant Guild was able to negotiate with the lord and the trade levy became regulated. And because of this negotiation ,the merchants were able to demand as higher price as they wanted.The Merchant Guilds controlled the way in which trade was conducted in the towns and applied rules to the way in which trade was conducted. The members of the Merchant Guilds became very important members of the Medieval town community. The introduction of the Merchant guilds lead to its own hierarchy and involvement in civic duties. The power of the Merchant Guild members increased and they tended to be wealthier and of higher social status than the members of the craft guilds.
Excessive bail or excessive fines cannot be put on a criminal and protects against cruel and unusual punishment
True
The policy of detente aimed at reducing tensions between the two nations while ensuring that soviet adventurism was still checked. it contributed to the easing of tensions and increased trade between the two nations. it was however criticized in the USA by conservatives as too lenient a policy. the detente broke down when the soviet union attacked Afghanistan.
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The Native American population is grappling with poverty and joblessness even with casinos. Ever since the recovery from the Great Depression the Native American society has been left out of economic prosperity.
