Question

Find e^cos(2+3i) as a complex number expressed in Cartesian form.

Answer 1

Answer:

The complex number $e^{\cos(2+31)} = \exp(\cos(2+3i))$ has Cartesian form

$\exp\left(\cosh 3\cos 2\right)\cos(\sinh 3\sin 2)-i\exp\left(\cosh 3\cos 2\right)\sin(\sinh 3\sin 2)$.

Step-by-step explanation:

First, we need to recall the definition of $\cos z$ when $z$ is a complex number:

$\cos z = \cos(x+iy) = \frac{e^{iz}+e^{-iz}}{2}$.

Then,

$\cos(2+3i) = \frac{e^{i(2+31)} + e^{-i(2+31)}}{2} = \frac{e^{2i-3}+e^{-2i+3}}{2}$. (I)

Now, recall the definition of the complex exponential:

$e^{z}=e^{x+iy} = e^x(\cos y +i\sin y)$.

So,

$e^{2i-3} = e^{-3}(\cos 2+i\sin 2)$

$e^{-2i+3} = e^{3}(\cos 2-i\sin 2)$ (we use that $\sin(-y)=-\sin y)$.

Thus,

$e^{2i-3}+e^{-2i+3} = e^{-3}\cos 2+ie^{-3}\sin 2 + e^{3}\cos 2-ie^{3}\sin 2)$

Now we group conveniently in the above expression:

$e^{2i-3}+e^{-2i+3} = (e^{-3}+e^{3})\cos 2 + i(e^{-3}-e^{3})\sin 2$.

Now, substituting this equality in (I) we get

$\cos(2+3i) = \frac{e^{-3}+e^{3}}{2}\cos 2 -i\frac{e^{3}-e^{-3}}{2}\sin 2 = \cosh 3\cos 2-i\sinh 3\sin 2$.

Thus,

$\exp\left(\cos(2+3i)\right) = \exp\left(\cosh 3\cos 2-i\sinh 3\sin 2\right)$

$\exp\left(\cos(2+3i)\right) = \exp\left(\cosh 3\cos 2\right)\left[ \cos(\sinh 3\sin 2)-i\sin(\sinh 3\sin 2)\right]$.