Answer:
The Ottoman Empire was an Islamic-run empire founded by Ghazis, who used their advanced technology to conquer land. They established a complex and efficient government where the sultan was the supreme political and military leader. They conquered Constantinople, renaming it Istanbul before deeming it the capital of the empire. The Ottomans allowed religious tolerance and diversity, making it easier to control foreign territories, contributing to the empire's success. The Ottomans expanded outwards, capturing Mecca and Medina (two of Islam's holiest cities) as well as Egypt and Cairo. Suleyman I oversaw the great advancements of art, architecture, and law. The Ottoman Empire controlled land and sea trade, taxing goods that went through their region through trade networks between Asia and Europe.
The Mughal Empire rose after the fall of the Gupta Empire, where India broke up into small kingdoms. A Turkish sultan named Babur began to build a large army and create his own empire: the Mughal Empire. Babur respected the beliefs of those he conquered, holding three major religions in the empire: Islam (the primary religion), Sikhism, and Hinduism. Akbar ruled later on and greatly expanded the Mughal Empire, welcoming many cultural influences and promoting religious tolerance. He ended non-Muslim taxes and strict regulations on non-Muslims. The Taj Mahal was built during this time period, mainly as a tomb for Akbar's grandson's wife. During the peak of the empire, Emperor Aurangzeb was intolerant of non-Muslims and reinforced heavy taxes, destroyed Hindu buildings, and executed Sikh religious leaders. These actions led the empire into a state of poverty before its fall against the pressure from European colonization.
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