Lupus is a medical phenomenon where antibodies that are supposed to attack foreign cells to prevent infections instead see plasm
1 answer:
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Part A:
Given
defined by 
but
Since, f(xy) ≠ f(x)f(y)
Therefore, the function is not a homomorphism.
Part B:
Given
defined by
Note that in
, -1 = 1 and f(0) = 0 and f(1) = -1 = 1, so we can also use the formular 
and
Therefore, the function is a homomorphism.
Part C:
Given
, defined by 
Since, f(x+y) ≠ f(x) + f(y), therefore, the function is not a homomorphism.
Part D:
Given
, defined by 
but
Since, h(ab) ≠ h(a)h(b), therefore, the funtion is not a homomorphism.
Part E:
Given
, defined by ![\left([x_{12}]\right)=[x_4]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%28%5Bx_%7B12%7D%5D%5Cright%29%3D%5Bx_4%5D)
, where ![[u_n]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Bu_n%5D)
denotes the lass of the integer 
in 
.
Then, for any![[a_{12}],[b_{12}]\in Z_{12}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ba_%7B12%7D%5D%2C%5Bb_%7B12%7D%5D%5Cin%20Z_%7B12%7D)
, we have
![f\left([a_{12}]+[b_{12}]\right)=f\left([a+b]_{12}\right) \\ \\ =[a+b]_4=[a]_4+[b]_4=f\left([a]_{12}\right)+f\left([b]_{12}\right)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f%5Cleft%28%5Ba_%7B12%7D%5D%2B%5Bb_%7B12%7D%5D%5Cright%29%3Df%5Cleft%28%5Ba%2Bb%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29%20%5C%5C%20%20%5C%5C%20%3D%5Ba%2Bb%5D_4%3D%5Ba%5D_4%2B%5Bb%5D_4%3Df%5Cleft%28%5Ba%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29%2Bf%5Cleft%28%5Bb%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29)
and
![f\left([a_{12}][b_{12}]\right)=f\left([ab]_{12}\right) \\ \\ =[ab]_4=[a]_4[b]_4=f\left([a]_{12}\right)f\left([b]_{12}\right)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f%5Cleft%28%5Ba_%7B12%7D%5D%5Bb_%7B12%7D%5D%5Cright%29%3Df%5Cleft%28%5Bab%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29%20%5C%5C%20%5C%5C%20%3D%5Bab%5D_4%3D%5Ba%5D_4%5Bb%5D_4%3Df%5Cleft%28%5Ba%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29f%5Cleft%28%5Bb%5D_%7B12%7D%5Cright%29)
Therefore, the function is a homomorphism.
Given
but
Since, f(xy) ≠ f(x)f(y)
Therefore, the function is not a homomorphism.
Part B:
Given
Note that in
and
Therefore, the function is a homomorphism.
Part C:
Given
Since, f(x+y) ≠ f(x) + f(y), therefore, the function is not a homomorphism.
Part D:
Given
but
Since, h(ab) ≠ h(a)h(b), therefore, the funtion is not a homomorphism.
Part E:
Given
Then, for any
and
Therefore, the function is a homomorphism.
