"Distant water cannot put out a nearby fire." The saying comes from the Chinese expression. If applied to the village government under tang and song dynasties, it would mean that whatever solutions they have for their dynasty will not be effective if they are not within the higher positions inside the dynasty. They are too far to be heard or understood.
Romanticism definitely had its start in Europe. Most notably in England, France, and Germany with England being the one to first coin the phrase in the 1840's.
Plessy v. Ferguson set forth the doctrine of "separate but equal" which enabled institutionalized segregation as long as things were "equal"
However, the Court did not define what equal really meant.
So, you might see a bathroom for African-Americans that was a hole in the ground while the whites only bathroom was pristine and modern.
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The answer to this is: The Protestant Reformation.
The Protestant Reformation was a theological, social, cultural, and political movement that kicked off when a Catholic monk called Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to his local church door. The Protestant Reformation has strengthened literacy throughout Europe and has sparked a revived enthusiasm for education.
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