Rawls rejects utilitarianism because he believe that utilitarianism could permit an unfair distribution of benefits and burden. In Utilitarianism , the right or wrong is determined by which one bring the most happiness to the people. This will greatly damage the justice system because some wrong doings could be perceived as right as long as it make people happy
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<u>Answer</u>: The <u>Legalists </u>philosophers believed that every aspect of life should be governed by strict and impersonal laws.
The Legalism is the third intellectual current that flourished in China before the unification by the Qin Dynasty. The three centuries before the unification were so rich in terms of political thought that is known as “The Golden Age of Chinese Philosophy” with “The Hundred Schools” of thoughts. Other famous schools in this period are Confucianism and Taoism.
The long period of war were times of great chaos and disorder. Profound changes happened during these three centuries – economical, military and social changes. A new administrative approach needed to arise and the Legalists were at the forefront of this innovation.
Legalism is the most practical current of that period. Legalists would not focus on philosophical speculations, such as the evolution of the human nature, morality or divine will. Instead, they focus on how to achieve the goal of unification. Nothing, not even the past, could distract them of this goal. Because of that, they defended that the past doesn’t teach a thing and doesn’t shape the present or the future, but a radical change in the present is the only way to restructure the society. This change could only happen by “the rule of the law”, where individual morality of the ruled and the rulers are not taken into consideration. They believed that every aspect of life should be governed by strict and impersonal laws. Applying those is the radical change that would create a powerful government, able to coerce its subjects and install a rich state and a powerful army. In that scenario, the state has the ultimate authority and such power is given to it by means of military strength.
Sparta was a main military power in Greece, all the focus was on military. In Athens, while the military was important, the arts, litiature, and philosophy where also highly valued, where in Sparta, these where considered wastefulness pastimes.
Statements of authority provide the strongest evidence in scientific discussions when they are based on statements that are, "consistent with findings from high-quality scientific research on the subject."
The statements which are based on findings from high-quality scientific research are accurate and so they provide the strongest evidence in scientific discussions.
The Scientific method of research is neutral, objective, rational, and as a result, is able to approve or disapprove the hypothesis. The research method includes the procedure to obtain data and evaluate the variables, and then it obtains analyzable data.
Hence, the statements based on high quality scientific research provide the strongest evidence.
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